The ability to cause change or do work.
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The total mass of living or once-living material in an area, which stores the energy captured by producers.
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An acid–base indicator that changes from yellow in acidic conditions toward blue in basic conditions. Dissolving carbon dioxide can lower the pH.
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A green pigment that absorbs light used in photosynthesis.
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An organelle in plant and algal cells where light energy is used to make sugars.
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Pairs of cells that open and close small pores in a leaf, controlling how gases like carbon dioxide and oxygen move in and out.
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A substance or observation that signals a condition or change; an acid–base indicator changes color over a particular pH range.
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Organelles that release energy from food for the cell to use.
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A process in which plants, algae, and some bacteria use light energy to make sugars from carbon dioxide and water, releasing oxygen.
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Processes that release usable energy from food molecules; the oxygen-using form produces carbon dioxide and water.
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Using resources in a way that meets today’s needs without using them up for the future.
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Small pores in leaves and some stems that allow gas exchange; guard cells regulate their openings.
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A single-celled fungus that breaks down sugar and releases carbon dioxide gas as a byproduct.
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Related to the nonliving parts or conditions of an environment.
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Living in or related to water, such as a lake, river, or ocean environment.
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A large region with a certain climate and the plants and animals that live there.
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Related to living things in an environment.
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The largest population an environment can support over time.
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The usual weather of a place over many years.
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All the living and nonliving things in an area and how they interact.
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The place where an organism lives and finds what it needs.
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Anything that keeps a population from growing larger, like food, water, or space.
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Any living thing.
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Water that falls from clouds as rain, snow, sleet, or hail.
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Transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves, which can travel through empty space.
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Anything an organism needs and uses from its environment, such as food, water, or shelter.
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A cold biome with long winters and forests of cone-bearing trees.
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A biome with four seasons and trees that often lose their leaves in fall.
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A cold, mostly treeless biome with a short growing season; many areas have permanently frozen ground below the surface.
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The shape of the land’s surface, including its hills, valleys, and slopes.
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A forest in the tropics; rainfall patterns distinguish wet forests from seasonally dry forests.
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