Matter Mind Map
← MatterWhat matter is made of, how mass, volume, and density describe it, and how the motion of particles explains solids, liquids, gases, and changes of state.
- matterAnything that has mass and takes up space.Air is matter even though you cannot see it.
- atomThe smallest unit of an element that keeps that element’s chemical identity.Every atom of gold is the same kind of atom.
- elementA pure substance made of one kind of atom; chemical reactions cannot break it into simpler substances.Oxygen is an element.
- moleculeA group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds.A water molecule has two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.
- particleA very small piece of matter, such as an atom or molecule.Each particle in a solid stays close to its neighbors.
- massHow much matter is in an object.We measured the rock’s mass on a balance.
- balanceA tool that measures mass by comparing an object with known masses.Set the cube on the balance and read its mass.
- volumeThe amount of space an object or substance occupies.The volume of the box is 1,000 cubic centimeters.
- water displacementFinding an object’s volume by measuring how much the water level rises when the object is dropped in.We used water displacement to find the volume of the key.
- densityHow much mass is packed into a certain volume.Oil floats because its density is lower than water’s.
- solidMatter with a fixed shape and volume. Its particles are packed close and vibrate in place.Ice is a solid.
- liquidMatter with a fixed volume that takes the shape of its container. Its particles slide past each other.Juice is a liquid that fills the bottom of the cup.
- gasMatter with no fixed shape or volume. Its particles are far apart and move fast.Steam is water in the form of a gas.
- compressTo squeeze matter into a smaller space by pushing its particles closer together.Air is much easier to compress than water in a syringe.
- temperatureA measure of how hot or cold matter is, related to the average kinetic energy of its particles.The temperature rose as the water heated up.
- thermal energyEnergy associated with the random motion and interactions of particles in matter; it depends on the amount, type, and state of the material as well as its temperature.A full bathtub of warm water has more thermal energy than a cup of it.
- heatThermal energy moving from a warmer object to a cooler one.Heat flows from the hot cocoa into your cold hands.
- phase changeMatter changing between solid, liquid, and gas. The particles change how they move and how far apart they are.Melting ice is a phase change.
- meltingA solid changing into a liquid as it takes in energy.Melting turned the ice cube into a puddle.
- freezingA liquid changing into a solid when it loses energy.Freezing turns pond water into ice.
- evaporationA liquid changing into gas at its surface; this can happen below its boiling point.Evaporation dried the wet sidewalk.
- boilingA liquid changing into gas throughout its volume when its vapor pressure matches the surrounding pressure.At standard atmospheric pressure, pure water starts boiling at about 100 °C.
- condensationA gas changing into a liquid, often as it cools.Condensation formed drops on the cold glass.