Harmful substances introduced into air, water, or land that can damage the health of people, animals, or plants.
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Water that falls from clouds as rain, snow, sleet, or hail.
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A measure of how hot or cold matter is, related to the average kinetic energy of its particles.
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The substance H₂O, which can exist as solid ice, liquid, or gas.
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Describes a water-based solution with a pH below the neutral value, which is 7 at 25 °C.
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Describes a water-based solution with a pH above the neutral value, which is 7 at 25 °C.
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A body of rock or sediment that stores groundwater and lets enough of it flow to supply wells or springs.
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The layers of gases that surround Earth.
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Describes a water-based solution with a pH above the neutral value, which is 7 at 25 °C.
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A gas changing into a liquid, often as it cools.
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A liquid changing into gas at its surface; this can happen below its boiling point.
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The solid surface of land that people and animals walk on.
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The nonstop movement of water between the land, the ocean, the air, and living things. Also called the water cycle.
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Electricity generated using the force of moving or falling water.
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All of the water on Earth: oceans, lakes, rivers, ice, ground water, and water vapor.
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Water soaking down into the ground.
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Describes a water-based solution with equal hydrogen- and hydroxide-ion activities; its pH is 7 at 25 °C.
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How easily a fluid can move through connected spaces in a material.
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Letting water or air pass through.
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A number describing how acidic or basic a water-based solution is; lower values indicate greater acidity.
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The fraction of a material’s total volume made up of open spaces.
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Water collecting and standing on the surface instead of soaking into the ground.
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Water that flows over the land surface instead of soaking in.
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How much salt is dissolved in water.
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The outermost, top layer of something, such as land or water.
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A solid changing straight into a gas without melting first.
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All the land that drains into one river or lake.
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The physical, chemical, and biological condition of water, considered in relation to a use or the needs of living things.
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